Original Research Open access

Cosmology and consciousness: toward an ontological interpretation of contemporary science

A critique of reductionism and the question of the immaterial order in contemporary science

Authors

  • Bostjan Marko Turk Corresponding author Email Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Published
July 10, 2026
Section
Original Research
DOI
10.4081/peasa.79

Abstract

This interdisciplinary philosophical review examines the relationship between contemporary science and ontological questions of reality, focusing on cosmology, quantum physics, biology, and consciousness studies. The Big Bang theory implies a temporal beginning of the universe, raising questions about causality and the origin of physical laws. Developments in quantum theory and information-based approaches describe reality in increasingly abstract, mathematical terms, challenging classical materialist interpretations. The informational character of DNA and the persistent hard problem of consciousness further question the adequacy of reductive physicalism. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the paper critically evaluates the epistemological assumptions underlying much of modern science and explores whether recent scientific insights support an expanded concept of reality that includes an immaterial order. It argues that contemporary science, when interpreted philosophically, does not necessitate a strictly materialist ontology and suggests the need for a more comprehensive framework integrating scientific findings with philosophical and metaphysical perspectives.

Keywords

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